[Sleep disorders in children and adolescents].

BACKGROUND Pediatric sleep is a rapidly developing area, and understanding of sleep disorders in children and adolescents is improving. The article aims to present new knowledge to Norwegian physicians. MATERIAL AND METHODS The article is based on review articles and clinical guidelines identified through non-systematic searches in PubMed, limited to the period 2007-2009. RESULTS Primary and secondary sleep disorders in children and adolescents are common, but underdiagnosed. Sleep disorders may occur as early as infancy and the clinical presentation often differs from that in adults. These disorders may have serious consequences in the short and long run. Information about sleep and circadian rhythm, positive routines and good sleep hygiene may prevent sleep disorders and form natural constituents of treatment of all such disorders in youngsters. A non-pharmacological approach with cognitive behavioural interventions is the most important treatment of insomnia. Randomized studies and guidelines for pharmacological therapy are needed. INTERPRETATION Sleep disorders in children and adolescents demand special knowledge and attention. Norway needs an increase in capacity and competent experts to evaluate sleep disorders in children and adolescents.